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Meskipun kedua orang tuanya ingin mengejar karir mereka sebagai dokter tetapi tidak dapat melakukannya karena kendala keuangan, mereka mendukung minat putri mereka dalam bahasa Inggris dan Brooks mulai menulis sejak usia dini.
Pada usia tiga belas tahun, Brooks menerbitkan puisi pertamanya, 'Eventide', yang diterbitkan di American Childhood Magazine, dan pada saat dia berusia tujuh belas tahun, dia menulis puisi untuk Chicago Defender, sebuah surat kabar untuk penduduk kulit hitam Chicago.
Setelah menyelesaikan kuliah junior, Brooks beralih sepenuhnya ke hasratnya untuk menulis dan tidak pernah mengejar gelar empat tahun. Namun, sekolah multi-ras yang dia hadiri, termasuk sekolah putih terkemuka di Chicago, Sekolah Menengah Hyde Park, Wendell Phillips yang serba hitam, dan Sekolah Menengah Englewood yang terintegrasi, membantunya mendapatkan perspektif tentang dinamika rasial yang ada di Chicago.
Pengaruh dari pengalaman ini ditonjolkan dalam karya-karya Brooks seperti puisi koleksi pertamanya, A Street in Bronzeville, yang berfokus pada kaum urban kulit hitam. Brooks juga menunjukkan kesadaran politik dan menggabungkan persamaan ras dengan teknik puitis dalam puisinya yang mengikuti aktivisme hak-hak sipil tahun 1960-an.
Buku sukses pertama Gwendolyn Brooks pada tahun 1945 membawanya untuk menerbitkan yang kedua, Annie Allen, pada tahun 1949. Berdasarkan kehidupan dan pengalaman seorang gadis kulit hitam muda, yang terakhir memenangkannya Hadiah Pulitzer, menjadikannya penulis kulit hitam pertama yang menerima penghargaan ini.
Pencapaian ini diikuti oleh beberapa prestasi lainnya, termasuk penghargaan pencapaian seumur hidup oleh Poetry Society of America pada tahun 1989 dan terpilih sebagai Woman of the Year pertama oleh Harvard Black Men’s Forum pada tahun 1995. Menambah daftar kesuksesannya adalah lebih dari tujuh puluh lima gelar kehormatan dari berbagai perguruan tinggi dan universitas di dunia.
Tonggak sejarah lainnya ditetapkan dalam karirnya ketika Brooks terpilih sebagai Dosen Jefferson 1994 oleh National Endowment for the Humanities.
Selain menjadi penyair, Brooks juga mengadakan beberapa lokakarya dengan National Association for the Advancement of Colored People dan mengajar menulis kreatif di institusi seperti Universitas Columbia, Universitas Elmhurst, dan Universitas Illinois Timur Laut.
Brooks hanya menulis satu novel dalam hidupnya, Maud Martha, juga berdasarkan seorang wanita kulit hitam. Karya prosanya juga mencakup dua jilid otobiografi berjudul Laporan dari Bagian Satu dan Laporan dari Bagian Dua.
Menjadi penyair protes sejak awal karirnya, Brooks mendapatkan nada yang lebih marah dan tabah dalam puisinya setelah lebih aktif terlibat dalam gerakan Seni Hitam.
Gaya tulisannya mengalami perubahan kecil saat dia menjadi anggota terkemuka dari gerakan tersebut dan memperoleh pengetahuan yang meningkat tentang masalah sosial mengenai minoritas kulit hitam. Untuk Chicago Picasso, misalnya, Brooks menulis ode peringatan yang diikuti dengan puisi The Wall yang ia tulis sebagai dedikasi untuk mural The Wall of Respect.
Istri dari Henry Blakely dan ibu dari dua anak, Gwendolyn Brooks meninggal karena Kanker pada usia 83 tahun pada tahun 2000. Dia akan selalu dikenang atas kontribusinya terhadap Sastra dan semua pekerjaan yang dia lakukan untuk hak-hak orang kulit hitam.
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Terjemahan :
Gwendolyn Brooks Born on June 7, 1917, to a family who belonged to Kansas but later moved to Chicago, Gwendolyn Brooks was an American poet and teacher. Even though both of her parents wanted to pursue their careers as doctors but were unable to do so due to financial constraints, they were supportive of their daughter’s interest in the English language and Brooks started writing from an early age.
At the age of thirteen, Brooks had her first poem, ‘Eventide’, published in the American Childhood Magazine, and by the time she was seventeen, she was writing poetry for the Chicago Defender, a newspaper for Chicago’s black population.
After completing junior college, Brooks turned entirely towards her passion for writing and never pursued a four-year degree. However, the multi-racial schools that she attended, including Chicago’s leading White school Hyde Park High School, the all-black Wendell Phillips and the integrated Englewood High School, helped her gain a perspective on the racial dynamics present in Chicago. The influence of these experiences is highlighted in Brooks’ works such as the poems of her first collection, A Street in Bronzeville, which focus on the Black urbans. Brooks also displayed political consciousness and combined racial equality with poetic techniques in her poems which followed the civil rights activism of the 1960s.
Gwendolyn Brooks’ first successful book in 1945 led her to publish a second one, Annie Allen, in 1949. Based on the life and experiences of a young Black girl, the latter won her the Pulitzer Prize, making her the first Black author to receive this award. This achievement was followed by a number of others, including the lifetime achievement award by the Poetry Society of America in 1989 and being chosen as the first Woman of the Year by Harvard Black Men’s Forum in 1995. Adding to her list of successes are more than seventy-five honorary degrees from various colleges and universities of the world. Another milestone was set in her career when Brooks was selected as the 1994 Jefferson Lecturer by the National Endowment for the Humanities.
Along with being a poet, Brooks also conducted several workshops with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and proceeded to teach creative writing at institutions such as Columbia University, Elmhurst College and Northeastern Illinois University. Brooks only wrote a single novel in her life, Maud Martha, also based on a Black woman. Her prose work also includes two volumes of autobiography titled Report from Part One and Report from Part Two respectively.
Being a protest poet since the beginning of her career, Brooks gained an angrier and more steadfast tone in her poems after becoming more actively involved in the Black Arts movement. Her writing style experienced small changes as she became a prominent member of the movement and gained increasing knowledge about social issues concerning the Black minority. For the Chicago Picasso, for instance, Brooks wrote a commemorative ode followed by the poem The Wall which she wrote as a dedication to the mural of The Wall of Respect.
The wife of Henry Blakely and the mother of two, Gwendolyn Brooks died of Cancer at the age of 83 in 2000. She will always be remembered for the contribution she made towards Literature and all the work that she carried out for the rights of Blacks.
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